The park is an important platform and carrier of industrial agglomeration, an important starting point for achieving high-quality development of local economy, and a main position for cultivating industrial chain economy and realizing transformation and upgrading。In recent years, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hunan, Beijing and other places have issued policies on the cultivation of characteristic industrial parks, taking the construction of characteristic industrial parks as an important way to cultivate new industries and new forms of business and build urban industrial clusters。This paper mainly summarizes the characteristics of park construction from six aspects: park management, land space, scientific and technological innovation, characteristic industry, cluster building and operation service, so as to provide reference for relevant departments to carry out the construction of characteristic parks。
First, from the point of view of the competent authorities, there are great differences in the management of characteristic industrial parks at the provincial and municipal level. Shanghai, Guangdong and other provinces and cities attach particular importance to the construction of characteristic industrial parks
Compared with Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hunan, Anhui, Guangxi and other provinces and cities, there are great differences in the competent departments and management efforts of characteristic industrial parks。Competent authorities，The special industrial park involved in the commission bureau of science and technology, development and reform, economy and information (industry and information) departments，For example, the management of Beijing is centered on the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Zhongguancun Administrative Committee，The administration of Shanghai, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is centralized in the Provincial (municipal) Bureau of Economy and Information Technology (Department of Industry and Information Technology)，The administration of Hunan Province and Anhui Province is under the provincial Development and Reform Commission;Management intensity，Shanghai and Guangdong Province attach great importance to the construction of characteristic parks，In the first echelon of national characteristic park construction。Up to now, the number of identified characteristic industrial parks in the two provinces and cities is 53 and 54, respectively, ranking in the forefront of provinces and cities。
In addition, Shanghai has formed a relatively complete policy system for characteristic industrial parks。As early as 2020，上海市发布《上海市人民政府办公厅关于同意<关于加快特色产业园区建设促进产业投资的若干政策措施>的通知》（沪府办〔2020〕31号），Put forward 16 specific support measures;November 7, 2023，发布《上海市人民政府办公厅关于印发<上海市特色产业园区高质量发展行动方案（2024-2026年）>的通知》（沪府办发〔2023〕20号），The construction objectives and key tasks of the characteristic industrial park are clarified.November 29 of the same year，发布《上海市经济信息化委关于印发<上海市特色产业园区建设导则>的通知》（沪经信规范〔2023〕7号），Further clarify the park identification standards and management processes。
Second, from the perspective of spatial scale, the form is small and fine, mainly small parks from hundreds of acres to several square kilometers, and land use adheres to the principle of intensive and efficient
From the point of view of the park identification standards, the provincial and municipal level has clear requirements for the spatial scope of the park, including the four to the boundary needs to be clear, the property rights need to be clear, the provisions of the space area range from hundreds of acres to several square kilometers, and the level of intensive land use also puts forward higher requirements。If Beijing stipulates that in principle, the planned construction area of the park or the planned area is not less than 100,000 square meters (150 mu);According to Shanghai Municipal regulations, the planned area of the park should be between 1-5 square kilometers in principle;Anhui Province stipulates that the planned contiguous area of the park is more than 2 square kilometers (inclusive) or the built-up area is more than 1 square kilometers (inclusive)。At the same time, Anhui Province stipulated that the park should carry out land intensive use evaluation on time, ranking in the top third of the same type of park in the province。From the point of view of the identified parks, most of the parks are "parks within parks" in national development zones and provincial and municipal development zones, and the space scale is relatively moderate。For example, Shanghai will identify 53 parks in three batches from 2020 to 2022, with a total area of 196.9 square kilometers, an average of 3.7 square kilometers。
Third, from the perspective of scientific and technological innovation, highlight the concentration of R & D innovation, pay attention to optimizing the innovation ecology, and enhance competitiveness as an important task of building high-quality parks
As the main position to carry out scientific and technological innovation, as the main engine to support and lead high-quality development, creating innovation ecology and improving innovation competitiveness are important ways to help characteristic industrial parks move forward to high-quality parks。Therefore, the level of scientific and technological innovation is regarded as an important standard to measure the characteristic parks at the provincial and municipal level。For example, Shanghai, Anhui and Hunan provinces have made clear requirements on the indicators reflecting the concentration of scientific and technological innovation in the park, such as the proportion of R&D investment, the number of high-tech enterprises, and the number of R&D institutions。另外，As the most intensive city of scientific and technological innovation elements，The first batch of 23 characteristic industrial parks identified by Beijing this year all have strong scientific and technological attributes，Each park has 240 innovation platforms such as academician workstations, national key laboratories, engineering centers, and technological innovation centers，Construction or introduction of 34 incubators，There are more than 5,000 enterprises in the park，Among them, there are 40 unicorn companies and 160 listed companies。
Fourth, from the perspective of industrial positioning, it emphasizes that the industry is special and strong, the leading industry concentration of the park is high, and it is highly consistent with the development orientation of the territorial industry
The number of leading industries in characteristic industrial parks is generally limited to 1-2, and the concentration degree of leading industries is required to be higher, but there is a large difference between provinces and cities。Beijing stipulates that leading industries focus on 1-2 subdivision advantage areas，The revenue scale (output value) accounts for more than 70% of the total revenue (output value) of the park;Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region stipulates that the proportion of main business income of characteristic industries in the main business income of the park shall not be less than 30%;Anhui Province stipulates that the main business income of characteristic industries accounts for no less than 60% of the sales (operation) income of the park;Hunan Province stipulates that the main business income of characteristic industries accounts for no less than 30% of the technical industry and trade income of the park。
From the identified industrial categories of the park, the leading industries of the park are highly consistent with the industrial development orientation of the local area。For example, the 53 characteristic industrial parks in Shanghai include 10 industrial categories，Concentrated in high-end equipment (12), electronic information (9), emerging industries (8), biomedicine (7), advanced materials (5) and other fields，It is highly compatible with Shanghai's construction of a "3+6" new industrial system;The 54 parks identified by Guangdong Province are mainly concentrated in the fields of new-generation electronic information (10), food and beverage (9), intelligent equipment (5), petrochemical and new materials (5), automobiles (4), smart home appliances (4), and medicine and health (3)，It forms a strong support for Guangdong Province to build a modern industrial system with international competitiveness。
Fifth, from the perspective of cluster building, pay attention to the role of leading enterprises, promote the integrated development of large and small enterprises, and form a nearby upstream and downstream support of the industrial chain
In order to give play to the "bamboo forest effect" of leading enterprises in the industrial chain, with leading enterprises as the guide and the park as the bearing, promote the agglomeration of associated enterprises, and form nearby upstream and downstream supporting facilities of the industrial chain, the identification of characteristic industrial parks has clear requirements for the number of leading enterprises settled and the agglomeration of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain。其中，Beijing stipulates that the park has at least one leading backbone enterprise in the field of characteristic industries;Shanghai stipulates that the park should revolve around leading industries，Gather a number of upstream and downstream industry chain related enterprises;Anhui Province stipulates that the size and level of the park in the forefront of the province's key enterprises in the same industry no less than 1;Hunan Province stipulates that the park has gathered no less than 10 affiliated enterprises above the designated size，There is no less than 1 backbone enterprise。From the perspective of construction results, taking Shanghai Robot Industrial Park as an example, as the first industrial park named after robots, it has gathered nearly 300 robot upstream and downstream innovative enterprises, and initially formed a characteristic industrial cluster of "leading enterprises + small and medium-sized enterprises"。
Sixth, from the perspective of operation services, highlight marketization and specialization, and provide enterprises with systematic support and professional services of "space + investment + service"
Different from the operation mode of "management committee + platform company" in the development zone, based on the positioning of characteristic industries, especially the positioning of emerging industries and future industries, market-oriented operation and professional services have become the key to the success of the construction of characteristic industrial parks。为此，Beijing Municipal Government stipulates that the main body of park operation should, in principle, set up a management organization with independent legal personality，The full-time operation team has experience in innovation and entrepreneurship, investment and financing, operation and management in characteristic industries or related fields，Be able to effectively organize and carry out park management, operation and service;Shanghai Municipal Government stipulates that park operators should have strong operation and management capabilities and industrial ecology building capabilities，It can provide perfect talent service, financing service, property service, consulting service, science and technology service and comprehensive service for enterprises in the park。Taking the 23 parks identified by Beijing as an example, all of them are operated by market-based platform companies, and a professional operation and management team that understands technology, capital and industry has been established。At present, the number of people operating the park has reached 900, of which 70% have professional technical backgrounds such as professional technology, investment promotion, operation, investment and financing。
Synthesize the above analysis，The construction of characteristic industrial park can promote the intensive use of land, promote the agglomeration of innovative factors, promote the strengthening of leading industries, promote the integration of large, small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the efficient and flexible operation services of the park，It has become a provincial level to national and provincial development zones as the bearer，We will foster an industrial chain economy and new industries and forms of business，An important starting point for industrial transformation and upgrading。
Vii. Conclusion
Synthesize the above analysis，The construction of characteristic industrial park can promote the intensive use of land, promote the agglomeration of innovative factors, promote the strengthening of leading industries, promote the integration of large, small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the efficient and flexible operation services of the park，It has become a provincial level to national and provincial development zones as the bearer，We will foster an industrial chain economy and new industries and forms of business，An important starting point for industrial transformation and upgrading。
作 者
Liu Jiyan, senior economist, has been engaged in regional economic research for a long time
